Здесь вы узнаете, как сделать свой собственный беспроводной «опрокидывающийся ковш» датчик дождя. Вы можете либо распечатать 3D-модель себя или приобрести дешевое оборудование.
Принцип довольно прост, когда идет дождь воронка собирает воду в два крошечных «ведерка». Когда ведро заполнится наклонится и второе ведро начнет заполняться. Каждый наклон будет зарегистрирован и эти данные передаются на контроллер.
Измерив воронку и размер ведра вы можете рассчитать количество осадков, которые выпали. Как рассчитать свою воронку вы можете посмотреть здесь.
Скачать модель для самостоятельного изготовления созданную BulldogLowell можно здесь.
Пример ещё содержит дополнительные датчики света, влажности и температуры, которые могут быть удалены, если вы хотите сделать его простым.
Большое спасибо BulldogLowell и PeteWill которые помогли создать и документировать этот большой проект. Также вы можете прочитать как это создавалось на форуме.
Демонстрация
Данное видео показывает как настроить свой собственный дождемер.
Подключение
Компоненты
- Плата прототипирования (PCB)
- Радио модуль NRF24L01.
- Arduino (ProMini использовалось в демонстрационном видео).
- FTDI USB to TTL Serial адаптер
- Датчик дождя (опрокидывающийся ковш)
- Конденсаторы (10uf и .1uf)
- Стабилизатор на 3.3В
- Резистор (270ом )
- DuPont кабели типа мама
- DuPont кабели типа папа
- Штыревой разъем мама и папа
- Светодиод
- Болтовые 2х зажимные клеммники на плату (2 Pole 5mm Pitch PCB Mount Screw Terminal Block)
- 22-24 жильный кабель или аналог (Я использовал витую пару Cat5/Cat6)
- DHT-22 (как дополнительный) — датчик температуры/влажности
- BH1750 (как дополнительный) — датчик освещенности
Пример
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/* Arduino Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge October 6, 2017 Version 2.1 Arduino Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Utilizing a tipping bucket sensor, your Vera home automation controller and the MySensors.org gateway you can measure and sense local rain. This sketch will create two devices on your Vera controller. One will display your total precipitation for the last 5 days. The other, a sensor that changes state if there is recent rain (up to last 120 hours) above a threshold. Both these settings are user definable. There is a build overview video here: https://youtu.be/1eMfKQaLROo This sketch features the following: * Allows you to set the rain threshold in mm * Allows you to determine the tripped indicator window up to 120 hours. * Displays the last 5 days of rain in Variable1 through Variable5 of the Rain Sensor device * Configuration changes to Sensor device updated every hour * Should run on any Arduino * Will retain Tripped/Not Tripped status and data in a power interruption, saving small amount of data to EEPROM (Circular Buffer to maximize life of EEPROM) * LED status indicator * Optional Temp/Humidity (DHT-22 or DHT-11) and Light LUX (BH1750) sensors. To use, uncomment #define DHT_ON and/or #define LUX_ON * Optionally send total accumulation of each day's rainfall or send only individual days rainfall totals. Uncomment #define USE_DAILY to display individual daily rainfall. If it is commented out it will display a cumulative total rainfall (day4 = day1+day2+day3+day4 etc) by @BulldogLowell and @PeteWill for free public use Change Log 2017-10-06 - Version 2.1 - Updated variable types to optimize bytes used and fixed rainBucket array size issue */ //#define MY_DEBUG // Enable MySensors debug prints to serial monitor // Enable and select radio type attached #define MY_RADIO_RF24 //#define MY_RADIO_RFM69 //#define MY_RF24_PA_LEVEL RF24_PA_MAX //Options: RF24_PA_MIN, RF24_PA_LOW, RF24_PA_HIGH, RF24_PA_MAX //#define MY_NODE_ID 7 //uncomment this line to assign a static ID #include <math.h> #include <TimeLib.h> #include <MySensors.h> #define SKETCH_NAME "Rain Gauge" #define SKETCH_VERSION "2.1" #define DWELL_TIME 40 // this allows for radio to come back to power after a transmission, ideally 0 //#define DEBUG_ON // Rain gauge specific debug messages. #define DHT_ON // uncomment out this line to enable DHT sensor #define LUX_ON // uncomment out this line to enable BH1750 sensor //#define USE_DAILY // Uncomment to display individual daily rainfall totals in the variables sent to your controller. If it's commented it will add each day to the next for a cumulative total. #define TIP_SENSOR_PIN 3 #define CALIBRATE_FACTOR 60 // amount of rain per rain bucket tip e.g. 5 is .05mm #define DHT_LUX_DELAY 300000 //Delay in milliseconds that the DHT and LUX sensors will wait before sending data #define CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG 3 // Keeps track of accumulated rainfall #define CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR 4 // Indicates Tripped when rain detected #define EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION 0 // location of the EEPROM circular buffer #define E_BUFFER_LENGTH 240 //Max size = 254 #define RAIN_BUCKET_SIZE 120 //Max size = 254 #ifdef DEBUG_ON #define DEBUG_PRINT(x) Serial.print(x) #define DEBUG_PRINTLN(x) Serial.println(x) #define SERIAL_START(x) Serial.begin(x) #else #define DEBUG_PRINT(x) #define DEBUG_PRINTLN(x) #define SERIAL_START(x) #endif // MyMessage msgRainRate(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, V_RAINRATE); MyMessage msgRain(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, V_RAIN); // MyMessage msgRainVAR1(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, V_VAR1); MyMessage msgRainVAR2(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, V_VAR2); MyMessage msgRainVAR3(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, V_VAR3); MyMessage msgRainVAR4(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, V_VAR4); MyMessage msgRainVAR5(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, V_VAR5); // MyMessage msgTripped(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, V_TRIPPED); MyMessage msgTrippedVar1(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, V_VAR1); MyMessage msgTrippedVar2(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, V_VAR2); // #ifdef DHT_ON #include <DHT.h> #define CHILD_ID_HUM 0 #define CHILD_ID_TEMP 1 #define HUMIDITY_SENSOR_DIGITAL_PIN 8 DHT dht; float lastTemp; float lastHum; bool metric = true; MyMessage msgHum(CHILD_ID_HUM, V_HUM); MyMessage msgTemp(CHILD_ID_TEMP, V_TEMP); #endif // #ifdef LUX_ON //BH1750 is connected to SCL (analog input A5) and SDA (analog input A4) #include <BH1750.h> #include <Wire.h> #define CHILD_ID_LIGHT 2 BH1750 lightSensor; MyMessage msg(CHILD_ID_LIGHT, V_LIGHT_LEVEL); uint16_t lastlux; uint8_t heartbeat = 10; //Used to send the light lux to gateway as soon as the device is restarted and after the DHT_LUX_DELAY has happened 10 times #endif unsigned long sensorPreviousMillis; uint8_t eepromIndex; uint8_t tipSensorPin = 3; // Pin the tipping bucket is connected to. Must be interrupt capable pin uint8_t ledPin = 5; // Pin the LED is connected to. PWM capable pin required #ifdef DEBUG_ON unsigned long dataMillis; unsigned long serialInterval = 600000UL; #endif const unsigned long oneHour = 3600000UL; unsigned long lastTipTime; unsigned long lastRainTime; //Used for rainRate calculation uint16_t rainBucket [RAIN_BUCKET_SIZE + 1]; /* 24 hours x 5 Days = 120 hours */ uint16_t rainRate = 0; uint8_t rainWindow = 72; //default rain window in hours. Will be overwritten with msgTrippedVar1. volatile int wasTippedBuffer = 0; uint16_t rainSensorThreshold = 50; //default rain sensor sensitivity in hundredths. Will be overwritten with msgTrippedVar2. uint8_t state = 0; uint8_t oldState = 2; //Setting the default to something other than 1 or 0 uint16_t lastRainRate = 0; uint16_t lastMeasure = 0; bool gotTime = false; uint8_t lastHour; uint8_t currentHour; // void presentation() { // Register all sensors to gw (they will be created as child devices) sendSketchInfo(SKETCH_NAME, SKETCH_VERSION); wait(DWELL_TIME); present(CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG, S_RAIN); wait(DWELL_TIME); present(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, S_MOTION); wait(DWELL_TIME); #ifdef DHT_ON present(CHILD_ID_HUM, S_HUM); wait(DWELL_TIME); present(CHILD_ID_TEMP, S_TEMP); wait(DWELL_TIME); #endif #ifdef LUX_ON present(CHILD_ID_LIGHT, S_LIGHT_LEVEL); #endif DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Sensor Presentation Complete")); } void setup() { #ifndef MY_DEBUG SERIAL_START(115200); //Start serial if MySensors debugging isn't enabled #endif // // Set up the IO pinMode(TIP_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); attachInterrupt (digitalPinToInterrupt(TIP_SENSOR_PIN), sensorTipped, FALLING); // depending on location of the hall effect sensor may need CHANGE pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // //Sync time with the server // unsigned long functionTimeout = millis(); while (timeStatus() == timeNotSet && millis() - functionTimeout < 30000UL) { requestTime(); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Getting Time")); wait(1000); // call once per second DEBUG_PRINTLN(F(".")); } currentHour = hour(); lastHour = hour(); // //retrieve from EEPROM stored values on a power cycle. // bool isDataOnEeprom = false; for (uint8_t i = 0; i < E_BUFFER_LENGTH; i++) { uint8_t locator = loadState(EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION + i); if (locator == 0xFE) // found the EEPROM circular buffer index { eepromIndex = EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION + i; DEBUG_PRINT(F("EEPROM Index ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(eepromIndex); //Now that we have the buffer index let's populate the rainBucket[] with data from eeprom loadRainArray(eepromIndex); isDataOnEeprom = true; break; } } // if (!isDataOnEeprom) // Added for the first time it is run on a new Arduino { DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("I didn't find valid EEPROM Index, so I'm writing one to location 0")); eepromIndex = EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION; saveState(eepromIndex, 0xFE); saveState(eepromIndex + 1, 0xFE); //then I will clear out any bad data for (uint8_t i = 2; i <= E_BUFFER_LENGTH; i++) { saveState(i, 0x00); } } #ifdef DEBUG_ON dataMillis = millis(); #endif lastTipTime = millis(); // request(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, V_VAR1); wait(DWELL_TIME); request(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, V_VAR2); wait(DWELL_TIME); // #ifdef DHT_ON dht.setup(HUMIDITY_SENSOR_DIGITAL_PIN); metric = getControllerConfig().isMetric; wait(DWELL_TIME); #endif // #ifdef LUX_ON lightSensor.begin(); #endif // transmitRainData(); //Setup complete send any data loaded from eeprom to gateway } void loop() { if (state) { prettyFade(); // breathe if tripped } else { slowFlash(); // blink if not tripped } #ifdef DEBUG_ON // Serial Debug Block if ( (millis() - dataMillis) >= serialInterval) { for (int i = 24; i <= 120; i = i + 24) { updateSerialData(i); } dataMillis = millis(); } #endif // // let's constantly check to see if the rain in the past rainWindow hours is greater than rainSensorThreshold // uint16_t measure = 0; // Check to see if we need to show sensor tripped in this block for (uint8_t i = 0; i < rainWindow; i++) { measure += rainBucket [i]; if (measure != lastMeasure) { // DEBUG_PRINT(F("measure value (total rainBucket within rainWindow): ")); // DEBUG_PRINTLN(measure); lastMeasure = measure; } } // state = (measure >= (rainSensorThreshold * 100)); if (state != oldState) { send(msgTripped.set(state)); wait(DWELL_TIME); DEBUG_PRINT(F("New Sensor State... Sensor: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(state ? "Tripped" : "Not Tripped"); oldState = state; } // unsigned long tipDelay = millis() - lastRainTime; if (wasTippedBuffer) // if was tipped, then update the 24hour total and transmit to Vera { DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Sensor Tipped")); DEBUG_PRINT(F("rainBucket [0] value: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(rainBucket [0]); send(msgRain.set((float)rainTotal(currentHour) / 100, 1)); //Calculate the total rain for the day wait(DWELL_TIME); wasTippedBuffer--; rainRate = ((oneHour) / tipDelay); if (rainRate != lastRainRate) { send(msgRainRate.set(rainRate, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); DEBUG_PRINT(F("RainRate= ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(rainRate); lastRainRate = rainRate; } lastRainTime = lastTipTime; } // currentHour = hour(); if (currentHour != lastHour) { DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("One hour elapsed.")); send(msgRain.set((float)rainTotal(currentHour) / 100, 1)); // send today's rainfall wait(DWELL_TIME); saveState(eepromIndex, highByte(rainBucket[0])); saveState(eepromIndex + 1, lowByte(rainBucket[0])); DEBUG_PRINT(F("Saving rainBucket[0] to eeprom. rainBucket[0] = ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(rainBucket[0]); for (int16_t i = RAIN_BUCKET_SIZE - 1; i >= 0; i--)//cascade an hour of values back into the array { rainBucket [i + 1] = rainBucket [i]; } request(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, V_VAR1); wait(DWELL_TIME); request(CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR, V_VAR2); wait(DWELL_TIME); rainBucket[0] = 0; eepromIndex = eepromIndex + 2; if (eepromIndex > EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION + E_BUFFER_LENGTH) { eepromIndex = EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION; } DEBUG_PRINT(F("Writing to EEPROM. Index: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(eepromIndex); saveState(eepromIndex, 0xFE); saveState(eepromIndex + 1, 0xFE); requestTime(); // sync the time every hour wait(DWELL_TIME); transmitRainData(); rainRate = 0; send(msgRainRate.set(rainRate, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Sending rainRate is 0 to controller")); lastHour = hour(); } if (millis() - sensorPreviousMillis > DHT_LUX_DELAY) { #ifdef DHT_ON //DHT Code doDHT(); #endif #ifdef LUX_ON doLUX(); #endif sensorPreviousMillis = millis(); } } // #ifdef DHT_ON void doDHT(void) { float temperature = dht.getTemperature(); if (isnan(temperature)) { DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Failed reading temperature from DHT")); } else if (temperature != lastTemp) { lastTemp = temperature; if (!metric) { temperature = dht.toFahrenheit(temperature); } send(msgTemp.set(temperature, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); DEBUG_PRINT(F("Temperature is: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(temperature); } float humidity = dht.getHumidity();; if (isnan(humidity)) { DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Failed reading humidity from DHT")); } else if (humidity != lastHum) { lastHum = humidity; send(msgHum.set(humidity, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); DEBUG_PRINT(F("Humidity is: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(humidity); } } #endif // #ifdef LUX_ON void doLUX(void) { uint16_t lux = lightSensor.readLightLevel();// Get Lux value DEBUG_PRINT(F("Current LUX Level: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(lux); heartbeat++; if (lux != lastlux || heartbeat > 10) { send(msg.set(lux)); lastlux = lux; } if (heartbeat > 10) { heartbeat = 0; } } #endif // void sensorTipped() { unsigned long thisTipTime = millis(); if (thisTipTime - lastTipTime > 100UL) { rainBucket[0] += CALIBRATE_FACTOR; // adds CALIBRATE_FACTOR hundredths of unit each tip wasTippedBuffer++; } lastTipTime = thisTipTime; } // uint32_t rainTotal(uint8_t hours) { uint32_t total = 0; for (uint8_t i = 0; i <= hours; i++) { total += rainBucket [i]; } return total; } #ifdef DEBUG_ON void updateSerialData(int x) { DEBUG_PRINT(F("Rain last ")); DEBUG_PRINT(x); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F(" hours: ")); float tipCount = 0; for (uint8_t i = 0; i < x; i++) { tipCount = tipCount + rainBucket [i]; } tipCount = tipCount / 100; DEBUG_PRINTLN(tipCount); } #endif void loadRainArray(int16_t eValue) // retrieve stored rain array from EEPROM on powerup { for (uint8_t i = 1; i < RAIN_BUCKET_SIZE; i++) { eValue = eValue - 2; if (eValue < EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION) { eValue = EEPROM_BUFFER_LOCATION + E_BUFFER_LENGTH; } DEBUG_PRINT(F("EEPROM location: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(eValue); uint8_t rainValueHigh = loadState(eValue); uint8_t rainValueLow = loadState(eValue + 1); uint16_t rainValue = rainValueHigh << 8; rainValue |= rainValueLow; rainBucket[i] = rainValue; // DEBUG_PRINT(F("rainBucket[ value: ")); DEBUG_PRINT(i); DEBUG_PRINT(F("] value: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(rainBucket[i]); } } void transmitRainData(void) { DEBUG_PRINT(F("In transmitRainData. currentHour = ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(currentHour); int rainUpdateTotal = 0; for (int8_t i = currentHour; i >= 0; i--) { rainUpdateTotal += rainBucket[i]; DEBUG_PRINT(F("Adding rainBucket[")); DEBUG_PRINT(i); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("] to rainUpdateTotal.")); } DEBUG_PRINT(F("TX Day 1: rainUpdateTotal = ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0); send(msgRainVAR1.set((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0, 1)); //Send current day rain totals (resets at midnight) wait(DWELL_TIME); #ifdef USE_DAILY rainUpdateTotal = 0; #endif for (uint8_t i = currentHour + 24; i > currentHour; i--) { rainUpdateTotal += rainBucket[i]; DEBUG_PRINT(F("Adding rainBucket[")); DEBUG_PRINT(i); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("] to rainUpdateTotal.")); } DEBUG_PRINT(F("TX Day 2: rainUpdateTotal = ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0); send(msgRainVAR2.set((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); #ifdef USE_DAILY rainUpdateTotal = 0; #endif for (uint8_t i = currentHour + 48; i > currentHour + 24; i--) { rainUpdateTotal += rainBucket[i]; DEBUG_PRINT(F("Adding rainBucket[")); DEBUG_PRINT(i); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("] to rainUpdateTotal.")); } DEBUG_PRINT(F("TX Day 3: rainUpdateTotal = ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0); send(msgRainVAR3.set((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); #ifdef USE_DAILY rainUpdateTotal = 0; #endif for (uint8_t i = currentHour + 72; i > currentHour + 48; i--) { rainUpdateTotal += rainBucket[i]; DEBUG_PRINT(F("Adding rainBucket[")); DEBUG_PRINT(i); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("] to rainUpdateTotal.")); } DEBUG_PRINT(F("TX Day 4: rainUpdateTotal = ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0); send(msgRainVAR4.set((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); #ifdef USE_DAILY rainUpdateTotal = 0; #endif for (uint8_t i = currentHour + 96; i > currentHour + 72; i--) { rainUpdateTotal += rainBucket[i]; DEBUG_PRINT(F("Adding rainBucket[")); DEBUG_PRINT(i); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("] to rainUpdateTotal.")); } DEBUG_PRINT(F("TX Day 5: rainUpdateTotal = ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0); send(msgRainVAR5.set((float)rainUpdateTotal / 100.0, 1)); wait(DWELL_TIME); } void receive(const MyMessage &message) { if (message.sensor == CHILD_ID_RAIN_LOG) { // nothing to do here } else if (message.sensor == CHILD_ID_TRIPPED_INDICATOR) { if (message.type == V_VAR1) { rainWindow = atoi(message.data); if (rainWindow > 120) { rainWindow = 120; } else if (rainWindow < 1) { rainWindow = 1; } if (rainWindow != atoi(message.data)) // if I changed the value back inside the boundries, push that number back to Vera { send(msgTrippedVar1.set(rainWindow)); } } else if (message.type == V_VAR2) { rainSensorThreshold = atoi(message.data); if (rainSensorThreshold > 10000) { rainSensorThreshold = 10000; } else if (rainSensorThreshold < 1) { rainSensorThreshold = 1; } if (rainSensorThreshold != atoi(message.data)) // if I changed the value back inside the boundries, push that number back to Vera { send(msgTrippedVar2.set(rainSensorThreshold)); } } } } void prettyFade(void) { float val = (exp(sin(millis() / 2000.0 * PI)) - 0.36787944) * 108.0; analogWrite(ledPin, val); } void slowFlash(void) { static bool ledState = true; static unsigned long pulseStart = millis(); if (millis() - pulseStart < 100UL) { digitalWrite(ledPin, !ledState); pulseStart = millis(); } } void receiveTime(unsigned long newTime) { DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Time received...")); setTime(newTime); char theTime[6]; sprintf(theTime, "%d:%2d", hour(), minute()); DEBUG_PRINTLN(theTime); } |
Решение проблем
Несколько человек сообщили о проблемах с ложным срабатыванием (сообщение о дожде в солнечный день). Это была проблема плохого питания. Быстрое исправление этой проблемы это питания датчика от хорошего блока питания с хорошим кабелем/проводом. Альтернативой исправления является использование «антидребезга», чтобы сделать это, используйте следующую схему для контактного датчика/геркона.
Если вы используете аппаратный «антидребезг»
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pinMode(TIP_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); |
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pinMode(TIP_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT); |